Active Ingredient:

information from selected non-manufacturer sources

Name	Caffeine
Description	A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. [MeSH]
Related Names/Sources	Cocoa Extract; Caffeine Citrate; Kola Nut (Cola acuminata) Extract [seed]; Kola Nut Extract; Methylxanthine; Theobroma cacao Extract; Theobromine
Related products	Products that contain Caffeine
Reference Links	Uses (in humans)
	Caffeine [ClinicalTrials.gov]
	Clinical Trial Literature [PubMed]
	Effectiveness Literature [PubMed]
	Administration Literature [PubMed]
	Adverse Effects (in humans)
	Adverse Effects Literature [PubMed]
	Poisoning Literature [PubMed]
	Mechanism of Action
	Actions [PubMed]
	Kinetics [PubMed]